Friday, April 12, 2013

Macam-Macam Teks Dalam Bahasa Inggris



1. NARRATIVE
     Purpose: To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story
Generic Structure Narrative:
Orientation ( who was involved, when and where was it happened)
Complication ( a problem arises and followed by other problems)
Resolution ( provide solution to the problem)

Re-orientation ( optional )
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged


Example :
Once upon a time, there was a little poor boy came into a little village. He was very hungry and weak. He knocked at every door and asked for some food, but nobody cared about him. Nobody wanted to help the little boy. Finally, a generous woman helped him. She gave him shelter and a meal. When the boy wanted to leave, this old woman gave him a “lesung”, a big wooden mortar for pounding rice. She reminded him, “please remember, if there is a flood you must save yourself. Use this “lesung” as a boat”. The “lesung” was happy and thanked the old woman.The little boy continued his journey. While he was passing through the village, he saw many people gathering on the field. The boy came closer and saw a stick stuck in the ground. People challenged each other to pull out that stick. Everybody tried, but nobody succeeded. “Can I try?” asked the little boy. The crowd laughed mockingly. The boy wanted to try his luck so he stepped forward and pulled out the stick. He could do it very easily. Everybody was dumbfounded. Suddenly, from the hole left by stick, water spouted out. It did not stop until it flooded the village. And no one was saved from the water except the little boy and the generous old woman who gave him shelter and meal. As she told him, he used the “lesung” as a boat and picked up the old woman. The whole village became a huge lake. It is now known as Rawa Pening Lake in Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia.


2. PROCEDURE TEXT
The purpose of procedural text is to tell the reader how to do or make something.

         Generic Structure of procedure
1. Goal : Title of the text (especially for a recipe)

2. Materials : Optional, not for all procedural texts
3. Steps : a series steps oriented to achieving the Goal
·         language Features
1. The use of Simple Present Tense, often in an imperative form e.g. Add some sugar, prepare it,.

2. The use mainly of temporal conjunction (or numbering to indicate sequence especially in written text)


Example:
How to Make Tomato Soup
To make a bowl of tomato soup, you must prepare all ingredients below:
  • 4 large tomatoes
  • spices
  • 1 small onion
  • ½ teaspoon of salt
  • 8 cups of water
  • ¼ teaspoon of pepper
  • small clove garlic
  •  ¼ teaspoon of butter

Here are the steps to make a bowl of tomato soup:
  1. Cut tomatoes, onions, and garlic into small pieces.
  2. Fry them in a pan with butter for five minutes.
  3. Add water, spices, salt and pepper.
  4. Heat until the water boils.
  5. Turn down the heat and cover with lid. Cook gently for one hour.

3.      RECOUNT
  Purpose: to retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event.
Generic Structure of Recount:
Orientation ( who were involved, when and where was it happened).
Events ( tell what happened in a chronological order).
Re-orientation ( optional – closure of events).

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adjectives


Example :



Terrible Day

Last Sunday was a terrible day. My cousins and I were playing football infront of a house together to spent our time. First, it was really fun untill I kick the ball too strong, so the ball leaded into a window and I broke the window. When we want to run away, suddenly we all heard a loud voice. After that, the owner of the house came from the fence of the house, he was shouted on us. We were very afraid, but we don't know what to do. Then, one of my cousins told us to run, we all ran, and suddenly we heard a bark sound. Then we knew, that the owner of the house let his dog to chase us. And we were struggling to ran fast as we can. But, i fell down so the dog managed to catch me and bite my leg. It was really painful. Then the dog ran back to the house. My cousins took me to the doctor and told my parents. Finnaly the doctor said that i was exposed to rabies. Then i was hospitalized for one more week.


4. DESCRIPTIVE·
         Purpose: to describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.
     Generic Structure descriptive:
Identification (identify phenomenon to be described)
Description (describe parts, qualities, characteristics)
.
Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Using special technical terms





Example :


Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal is regarded as one of the eight wonders of the world. It was built by a Muslim Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his dear wife at Agra.

Taj Mahal is a Mausoleum that houses the grave of queen Mumtaz Mahal. The mausoleum is a part of a vast complex comprising of a main gateway, an elaborate garden, a mosque (to the left), a guest house (to the right), and several other palatial buildings. The Taj is at the farthest end of this complex, with the river Jamuna behind it.
The Taj stands on a raised, square platform (186 x 186 feet) with its four corners truncated, forming an unequal octagon. The architectural design uses the interlocking arabesque concept, in which each element stands on its own and perfectly integrates with the main structure. It uses the principles of self-replicating geometry and a symmetry of architectural elements.
Its central dome is fifty-eight feet in diameter and rises to a height of 213 feet. It is flanked by four subsidiary domed chambers. The four graceful, slender minarets are 162.5 feet each. The central domed chamber and four adjoining chambers include many walls and panels of Islamic decoration.
Taj Mahal is built entirely of white marble. Its stunning architectural beauty is beyond adequate description, particularly at dawn and sunset. The Taj seems to glow in the light of the full moon. On a foggy morning, the visitors experience the Taj as if suspended when viewed from across the Jamuna river.




5. NEWS ITEM 
·         Purpose: to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.         
     Generic structure news item:
-Main Events
-Elaboration
-Resource of Information Source
Dominant Language Features:
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
2. Using action verbs
3. Using saying verbs
4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.


Example :


Town ‘Contaminated

Events Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.

Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock. The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit SMA Students’ Modul of English 24 had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.
semoga bermanfaat
 
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